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The oil and gas industry is one among the most important sectors within the world in terms of dollar value; generating an estimated $3.3 trillion in revenue annually Oil is crucial to the worldwide economic framework, especially for its largest producers: the us, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Canada and China. The oil & gas industry is destabilized into three segments: Up flow, mid flow, and down flow. Up flow, or exploration and production (E&P) companies, find reservoirs and drill oil and gas wells. Midstream companies are liable for transportation from the wells to refineries and downstream companies are liable for refining and therefore the sale of the finished products.Service companies conduct related construction and maintenance activities on well sites. The most important volumes of products of the oil and gas industry are heating oil and gasoline (petrol). Petroleum is the most important material for a mess of chemical products, including pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, solvents and plastics. Petroleum is usually a dark, sticky liquid that can't be used without changing it. The primary a part of refining petroleum is to heat it until it boils. The boiling liquid is separated into different liquids and gases during a distillation column. These liquids are wont to make petrol, paraffin, diesel oil etc.